Staghorn ferns are a stunning addition to any indoor or outdoor space, prized for their unique appearance and lush greenery. Originating from the understory of Southeast Asia and Australia, these epiphytic plants have captivated gardeners and plant enthusiasts alike. This guide will walk you through the essentials of mounting and caring for staghorn ferns, ensuring they thrive in any environment.

I. Introduction to Staghorn Ferns

Unique Characteristics

Staghorn ferns (Platycerium spp.) are renowned for their distinctive, antler-like fronds that resemble the horns of a stag, hence their common name. Unlike typical ferns that grow from the ground, staghorn ferns are epiphytes, meaning they naturally grow on other plants or surfaces without deriving nutrients from them. This adaptation allows them to thrive in the dense, shaded understories of tropical forests in Southeast Asia and Australia. Their unique mounting requirements make them a versatile choice for creative gardening, whether you’re looking to adorn a wall, tree trunk, or decorative structure.

Frond Types

Staghorn ferns exhibit two distinct types of fronds: fertile and sterile.

• Fertile Fronds: These are the antler-like, upright fronds responsible for reproduction. They bear spores and contribute to the plant’s propagation. The intricate branching patterns not only add visual interest but also play a crucial role in the fern’s life cycle.
• Sterile Fronds: In contrast, sterile fronds are round, flat, and plate-like, serving primarily for photosynthesis. They form a lush, green canopy that supports the plant’s growth by capturing sunlight and facilitating gas exchange.

Understanding the dual frond structure is essential for proper care and mounting, as both types need adequate space and light to function effectively.

II. Mounting Your Staghorn Fern

Proper mounting is key to the health and aesthetics of your staghorn fern. Here’s how to do it:

Materials

Before you begin, gather the following materials:

• Mounting Surface: Wood slabs, cork boards, wire baskets, or other suitable materials.
• Sphagnum Moss: Acts as a moisture-retaining medium.
• Fishing Line or Nylon String: For securing the fern to the mounting surface.
• Nails or Screws: To anchor the mounting surface if necessary.
• Spray Bottle: For misting the moss and fern.
• Hanging Hardware (Optional): Such as hooks or chains for suspended mounts.

Step-by-Step Instructions

1. Prepare the Root Ball:
   • Remove the staghorn fern from its pot, gently shaking off excess soil.
   • Inspect the roots and trim any that are dead or overly long.
2. Prepare the Mounting Surface:
   • Choose a location for your mounting surface that provides enough space for growth.
   • Soak sphagnum moss in water until it’s thoroughly saturated, then wring out excess moisture.
3. Position the Moss and Fern:
   • Spread the damp sphagnum moss evenly over the mounting surface.
   • Place the fern’s root ball onto the moss, ensuring that the roots are in contact with the moss for moisture absorption.
4. Secure the Fern:
   • Use fishing line or nylon string to tie the fern securely to the mounting surface. Wrap the string around the mounting surface and the fern’s base, ensuring stability without damaging the plant.
   • For added security, especially in outdoor settings, use nails or screws to anchor the mounting surface.
5. Add Hanging Hardware (Optional):
   • If you prefer a hanging mount, attach hooks or chains to the mounting surface to suspend the fern at the desired height.
6. Final Setup:
   • Once mounted, mist the fern lightly to help it acclimate to its new environment.
   • Place the mounted fern in its intended location, ensuring it receives the appropriate light and humidity.

III. Mounting Surface Options

Staghorn ferns are versatile and can be mounted on a variety of surfaces, each offering a unique aesthetic and functional benefit.

Variety of Materials

1. Wood Slabs:
   • Provide a natural look and are easy to customize. Ensure the wood is untreated to avoid chemical damage to the fern.
2. Cork Boards:
   • Lightweight and offer a porous surface that retains moisture well, ideal for ferns that require consistent humidity.
3. Wire Structures:
   • Modern and flexible, allowing for creative designs. Wire mounts can be shaped to fit various spaces and styles.
4. Fiberglass Panels:
   • Durable and weather-resistant, suitable for both indoor and outdoor settings.
5. Japanese Kokedama Technique:
   • Involves encasing the fern’s roots in a ball of moss and planting it in a decorative container or suspended from a string, blending traditional aesthetics with functional mounting.

Outdoor Mounting

Mounting staghorn ferns outdoors requires consideration of climate and environment. In suitable climates, typically within USDA hardiness zones 9-11, staghorn ferns can be mounted on tree trunks. Ensure the chosen tree has a textured bark that provides a stable surface for attachment. Use stainless steel or galvanized nails and wires to prevent rusting and ensure longevity. Outdoor-mounted ferns should receive partial shade and protection from direct harsh sunlight to mimic their natural understory habitat.

IV. Placement and Care

Proper placement and ongoing care are crucial for the health and longevity of your staghorn fern.

Indoor Placement

• Lighting: Place your mounted fern in a location that receives bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the fronds, and low-light areas, which can stunt growth.
• Orientation: Ensure the fern faces away from drafts, heating vents, or air conditioners to maintain a stable environment.
• Humidity: Maintain high humidity levels by misting regularly or using a humidifier. Staghorn ferns thrive in moist air, mimicking their natural tropical habitats.

Outdoor Considerations

• Transitioning Outdoors: If moving an indoor fern outside, acclimate it gradually by increasing its exposure to outdoor conditions over a week or two.
• Hardiness Zones: Ensure your climate is compatible with staghorn ferns, typically thriving in warm, humid environments.
• Mounting to Trees: Choose a tree with a stable, textured bark and secure the fern properly to withstand outdoor elements. Regularly check for signs of stress or damage.

Watering and Maintenance

• Watering Techniques: Water your staghorn fern by soaking the mounting moss thoroughly once a week, allowing excess water to drain away. During drier months, increase the frequency to maintain consistent moisture.
• Humidity Requirements: Maintain high humidity levels, especially in indoor settings. Use a humidifier or place the fern in naturally humid areas like bathrooms or kitchens.
• Ongoing Care:
  • Fertilization: Feed your fern with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every two months during the growing season.
  • Pruning: Remove any dead or yellowing fronds to encourage healthy growth and prevent pest infestations.
  • Pest Control: Regularly inspect for pests such as mealybugs or scale. Treat infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
  • Re-Mounting: As the fern grows, you may need to adjust its position or re-mount it to provide ample space for expansion.

Staghorn Fern Mounting FAQ

How do I mount a staghorn fern?

Staghorn ferns are unique in that they are mounted rather than potted. To mount your fern, you will need a sturdy surface with good drainage, sphagnum moss, small nails, and string or wire.

1. Prepare your materials: Soak the sphagnum moss in water for an hour or two.
2. Prepare the root ball: Remove the fern from its pot and gently loosen the roots.
3. Position the moss: Place a handful of damp moss on your mounting surface.
4. Add nails: Hammer a nail at each corner of the moss, leaving ¼ inch sticking out.
5. Position the fern: Place the fern on the moss and add more moss around the root ball.
6. Secure the fern: Tie string or wire around the nails, crisscrossing over the root ball to hold it firmly in place.

What can I mount a staghorn fern to?

You can mount a staghorn fern on various surfaces, including wood plaques, cork bark, wire baskets, and even tree trunks in suitable climates.

Here are a few ideas:

• Wooden plaque or frame: Provides a classic and versatile mounting option.
• Cork bark: Offers a rustic and lightweight choice.
• Wire rack or basket: Allows excellent ventilation and drainage.
• Tree trunk: Mimics the fern’s natural environment in warm climates.

Where should I place my mounted staghorn fern?

Choose a spot with bright, indirect light and avoid direct sunlight. If hanging on a wall, ensure the fern faces the light source.

• Indoors: Place in a well-lit room, avoiding direct sun.
• Outdoors (warm climates): Choose a shaded or partially shaded location.

Can I mount a staghorn fern outside?

Yes, but only in USDA hardiness zones 9 through 12. Choose a shaded spot and attach the fern directly to a tree trunk using the same mounting technique, substituting string or fishing line for nails.

Why should I mount a staghorn fern instead of potting it?

Mounting replicates their natural growth habit, as they are epiphytes that typically grow on trees. This method allows for better air circulation and prevents the roots from sitting in water, which can lead to rot.

What kind of moss should I use for mounting a staghorn fern?

Use sphagnum moss, as it retains moisture well while still providing good drainage.

How often should I water my mounted staghorn fern?

Water when the moss feels dry to the touch. You can mist the fern or submerge the entire mount in water for a short time.

What are the two types of fronds on a staghorn fern?

Staghorn ferns have two distinct frond types:

• Fertile fronds: These are the long, antler-like fronds that extend outwards.
• Sterile fronds: These are flat, round fronds that help the fern cling to its mount.